cyiff; FYf;fpa me;jg; Gul;rp ehis ,d;W 80 tUlq;fspd; gpd; epidT $Wk; NghJ> mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> ,d;W xU Gul;rpfu epiyapd; Clfkhf kl;LNk ehk; mZf Ntz;ba flikg;ghl;il nfhz;Ls;Nshk;.

cyfpy; gy Mapuk; tUlq;fspy; gy Mapuk; Mapuk; Gul;rpfis kf;fs; Kd;ndLj;jdH. ,g;Gul;rpfs; vy;yhk; rKjhaj;jpy; mbg;gil ,af;ftpjp khwhJ> mjd; Nky; mLf;Ffspy; kl;LNk Gul;rpfu khw;wj;ij elj;jpd.

,e;j Mapuk; Mapuk; Gul;rpfspy; ,Ue;J Kw;wpYk; njspthf NtWgl;l Gul;rpahf 1917 ,y; ghl;lhsp tHf;fk; vOe;J Ml;rpiag; gpbj;j NghJ> cyfk; FYq;fpaJ kl;Lk; ,d;wp> mJ kPs kPs elf;Fk; xU kf;fs; Nghuhl;l epfo;thf> capH tPW nfhz;l vOr;rpahf cs;sJ.

,e;jg; Gul;rpjhd; rKjhaj;jpd; mbg;gil ,aq;F tpjpia Nfs;tpf;F cs;shf;fp> mij jiyfPohf Gul;bg; Nghl;L nehUf;fpaJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ,e;jg; Gul;rp cyfpy; ele;j vy;yhg; Gul;rpiaAk; tpl fLk; vjpHg;Gf;Fs;shfpaJ.

,e;jg; Gul;rpapd; capH %r;Rf;fs; kPJ ,d;W $l tplhg; gpbahd jhf;Fjiy vjphp kl;Lk; ,d;wp> ez;gH Nghy; Ntlkpl;ltHfSk; tplhg;gpbahfj; njhLf;fpd;wdH. rKjhaj;jpy; mdj;J ,aq;Fk; tpjpAk; Ruz;ly; Nky;jhd; fl;lg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. ,e;jf; fl;likg;Gr; Ruz;liyj; jfHf;fhj gy Gul;rpapy; ,Ue;J NtWgl;l Gul;rp Ruz;liyj; jfHj;J xLf;fpa NghJ jhd;> ,g;Gul;rpapd; MAs; $l Cryhlj; njhlq;fpaJ.

1871 ,y; ghuprpy; ele;j Gul;rpapid Kd; mDgtkhff; nfhz;L 1917 ,y; ele;j cyiff; FYf;fpa Gul;rp> nydpd; jiyikapy; Ruz;Lk; tHf;fk; kPJ jdJ tPuk; kpf;f jhf;Fjiyj; njhLj;jJ.

,e;jg; Gul;rpapd; vjpupfs; me;epa ehl;Lg; gil vLg;Gfis vy;yhk; cyif FYf;fpa Gul;rp Jtrk; nra;J Kd;NdwpaJ. ,jd; Clhf rHtNjrg; Gul;rpf;Fk;> cyfpy; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;Fk; vy;iy ,y;yhj cjtpfis cyif FYf;fpa Gul;rp thup toq;fpaJ.

,e;epiyapy; Ruz;ly; tHf;fk; ntspapYk;> fl;rpf;Fs;Sk; jdJ mzpfisj; NjbaJ kl;Lk; ,d;wp fl;rpf;Fs; jdf;fhd Nghuhl;lj;ijj; njhlq;fpaJ. jdf;fhd mzpfis mzpjpul;b fl;rpf;Fs;Sk; ntspapYk; Nghuhlj; njhlq;fpaJ.

Gul;rpf;F Kd;> gpd; xU tHf;f rKjhaj;jpd; gpujhd vjphpahd Ruz;ly; tHf;fj;ij vjpHj;J tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ];uhypd; kpf ePz;l Nghuhl;Lj;ij fl;rpf;Fs; elj;j Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. ,g;Nghuhl;Lj;jpd; njhlHr;rpapy; ];uhypdpd; kiwitj; njhlHe;J FUNrt; Ml;rp Vwpa cld;> tHf;f rKjhaj;jpy; tHf;f Kuz;ghL KbTf;F te;J tpl;lJ vd mwptpj;J> Ruz;Lk; tHf;fj;jplk; Ml;rpiag; gbg;gbahff; ifaspj;jhd;. 1917k; Mz;Lg; Gul;rpia kl;Lk; ,d;wp> cyfg; Gul;rpia $l fhl;bf; nfhLj;J Ruz;Lk; tHf;fj;Jf;F Nrit nra;jhd;.

1917k; Mz;L Gul;rp vd;gJ Vfhjpgj;jpaj;Jf;F Fiy eLf;fj;ij nfhLg;gitahf ,Ue;jJ. vy;yhf; fhydp Ml;rpfspYk; tPWnfhz;l vOr;rpfs;> fhydpahjpf;fj;ij tpl;L Xl itj;jJ. cyfg; ghl;lhsp tHf;fk; jdJ Gul;rpfu ,uj;Jk; rpe;jpa tPukpf;f ePz;l Nghuhl;lj;ij elj;j> 1917 Gul;rp Kd; ifnaLj;J nfhLj;jJ.

Mk; ,d;W cyiff; FYf;Fk; tHf;fj;jpd; Nghuhl;l tbtk; ghl;lhsp tHf;fg; Gul;rp kl;LNk vd;gJ> vjpupapd; mZF Kiwjhd; ey;y rhd;whf eilKiwapy; tpsf;fpaJ. me;jsTf;F 1917 ,y; Vjphp fpypg; gpbf;f gz;zpa Gul;rp jhd; ,e;j cyiff; FYf;fpa Gul;rpahFk;.

,d;W ehk; Kd;ndLf;Fk; xt;nthU mbAk; vjphpapd; gpbf;F cs;shfpd;wJ. khHf;rpa tpNuhjpfis> jphpG thjpfis> gy tz;zf; Nfhl;ghl;Lf; fdthd;fis fjpfyq;f itf;fpd;wJ> xg;ghup itf;f itf;fpwJ. mtJ}W nghopa itf;fpwJ.

vk; ifapy; cs;s MAjk; 1917 ,y; ele;j cyiff; FYf;fpa Gul;rp jhd;. Mk; vk;ifapy; ,g;Gul;rpapd; vy;yh Mokhd Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; vLg;gjd; %yk; vjphpia tPo;j;JNthk; vd miw $ty; ,l;L> NghuhLNthk; thUq;fs; NjhoHfNs.